Wikia

Super Sonic is a super transformation of Sonic the Hedgehog, created by using the power of the Chaos Emeralds and the Power Rings. This form has also been achieved through the use of Super Emeralds and the Master Emerald.

History

First Transformation

Sonic the Hedgehog first transformed into Super Sonic when a rampaging robot known as the Universalamander ran havoc across Robotropolis and into the Great Forest. Realizing he was outmatched, Sonic quickly gathered the 7 Chaos Emeralds and 50 Power Rings needed to transform into Super Sonic. He quickly made short work of the roboticized beast, having quickly taken a shrinking device Rotor Walrus devised and shrank him to the point where he wasn't a threat anymore. (StH: #4)

Interestingly, the reactions of the other Freedom Fighters upon seeing Sonic in his transformed state suggests that they were accustomed to seeing him undergo the transformation, hinting at possible prior transformations not covered in the comic.

Epic Battles

Though Chaos Emeralds would come into play in later stages, Sonic would not take this form again until Sonic and Sally discovered a hidden Zone near a special lake. Taking advantage of it, Knuckles, who had learned of this Zone through a special book, dove into the Zone, seeking to take its Emeralds and rings so that he could help keep the Floating Island airborne should something happen to the one Emerald on the island. Not wanting to be outdone, the two rivals went at it, both of them turning into their super forms, Super Sonic and Hyper Knuckles, and destroying the Zone in their fight. (SvK)

When Mammoth Mogul stole Enerjak's power and became Master Mogul, it was Athair who allowed the two former rivals, as well as Tails, to take their Super forms to defeat the would-be tyrant and seal him within the Master Emerald. (StH: #56)

When Dr. Eggman, still as Robo-Robotnik, used a weapon to throw the citizens of Knothole in reverse due being caught in the 3-hour zone shift, Sonic strapped on a Super Emerald and raced across Mobius, taking his various transformed states until the beam struck him, the Super Emerald turning his quills dark blue, his head quills longer, giving him green eyes and adding buckles & soles to his shoes. (StH: #71)

During the Chaos incident in Station Square, when Chaos absorbed the Super Emeralds to become Perfect Chaos, Sonic took the remains of that energy to become Super Sonic, using the positive aura of the Chaos energy to soothe the beast and keep it distracted while Knuckles and the Freedom Fighters fought to help save the citizens of Station Square. Super Sonic's attacks combined with Knuckles using the city's power generator to shock Chaos defeated him. (StH: #83, #84)

Not long after, Sonic used his super form (along with the help of Super Shadow) to stop the Space Colony ARK from crashing into Mobius. (SU: #2)

After the Xorda

When Sonic was tossed into space after the Xorda Attack on Mobius, a separate version of Super Sonic was created on Thoraxia when Sonic attempted to use the red Chaos Emeralds of Apyx to defend the Blodex from the Bzzzz. This second Super Sonic proved utterly malevolent and and tried to destroy the planet. Fortunately, the effects of the Emeralds wore off, and the evil Super Sonic disappeared. (StH: #126)

Super Sonic was not summoned again until The Great Harmony, when A.D.A.M. gathered all of the chaos emeralds from the universe. Sonic and A.D.A.M both decided to utilize their super forms to stop each other. While they fought, Super Shadow and Turbo Tails sent all of the Emeralds into the Zone of Silence. Th

en Tommy Turtle, whom A.D.A.M. had possessed, sacrificed himself to destroy A.D.A.M. despite Super Sonic's protests. (StH: #169)

Battle With Enerjak

Sonic transformed once again into Super Sonic during the return of Enerjak. Although this could have been prevented, Dr. Finitevus let Sonic transform as he expected the Hex he placed on the Master Emerald to corrupt Super Sonic as well, though, for unknown reasons, the Hex had no effect on Super Sonic. Following this, Super Sonic battled Enerjak until Locke sacrificed his life to remove the Hex, restoring Knuckles to normal. (StH: #183, #184)

Genesis

During the Genesis Saga Sonic was able to turn Super Sonic once again on the Death Egg Mark 2 using the power of the Chaos Emeralds flowing through a power cord, right before he was crushed by the Egg Mech. After defeating the robot, Sonic used the power cords to tap into the Chaos Force and enduced Chaos Control, and supposedly returned the world to normal. (StH: #229)

Dark Mobius

In the alternate future world of Dark Mobius, Sonic once again became Super Sonic in order to challenge Knuckles, who had become Dark Enerjak. However, he was overpowered and defeated, and Enerjak gained possession of the Chaos Emeralds. (SU: #27)

Abilities

In this state, Super Sonic can fly and his speed and strength are greatly increased. He is also virtually invincible. This transformation tends to use "positive" Chaos energy and thus can also help overwhelm beings powered by "negative" energy. Super Sonic is also capable of using Chaos Control. (StH: #184, #229, SU: #2)

Background Information

Sonic's first transformation into Super Sonic was seen as a special cheat for fans playing Sonic the Hedgehog 2. This can be seen due to the use of the Sonic 2 variation of the Special Stage and Sonic saying that he needed seven Chaos Emeralds and fifty Rings to do so (this issue also marked the first appearance of the Chaos Emeralds in the series).
During Sonic's time on Thoraxia, Super Sonic manifested himself into a seperate evil being threatening to destroy Thoraxia; this emulated Super Sonic's incarnation in Fleetway's Sonic the Comic.